Date

People

Influences, results

25000 years ago

From Asia across the Bering Strait

People can be divided into 6 groups:

1. The arctic peoples (in the far north) à hunting.
2. The sub-arctic peoples (from Newfoundland to British Columbia) à hunting, fishing à the Beothuks.
3. The eastern woodlands tribes (Great Lakes, St. Lawrence River, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island) à agriculture à permanent settlements à the Iroquois.
4. The plains peoples (the prairies, from lake Winnipeg to Rocky Mountains) à hunting, fishing à the Cree, the Blackfoot.
5. The plateau peoples (British Columbia) à hunting, gathering.
6. The northwest peoples (from Vancouver to Alaska) à hunting, fishing à the Haida.

6000 years ago

The Eskimos

The Inuit (Eskimos) à hunting.

1000 AD

The Vikings from Iceland and Green-land

Occupied the eastern edge of Canada, founded Norman settlement which existed only 1 year.

1497 AD

English seaman John Cabot

Reached Newfoundland.

1534 AD

1535 AD

French explorer Jacques Cartier – founder of Canada

Discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence.

Settled Kanata (a Huron-Iroquois word “village”) which gave the name to the whole country Canada.  

1608 AD

1642 AD

French explorer Champlain

Established the first permanent settlements at Quebec (“where the river becomes narrow”).

Montreal.

1663 AD

Canada became a province of France (60.000 French settlers).

1670 AD

British Trade Company

Hudson’s Bay Company (fur) occupied northern territories of the country à Ontario.

1713 AD

1717 AD

The British

Newfoundland were under

Nova Scotia British control.

1754 AD

French-Indian War.

1756 AD – 1763 AD

Rivalry between the English and the French à

The Seven Years’ War in which Great Britain gained military victory.

Date

People

Influences, results

1

2

3

1759 AD

1763 AD

The British captured Quebec.

The British obtained control of the rest of New France. France handed Canada over to Britain.

1774 AD

The Quebec Act (France retained the rights to their own language, religion and civil laws).

1775 AD – 1783 AD

The American Revolution.

1791 AD

Canada was divided into Upper (English speaking Ontario) and Lower Canada (French speaking Quebec).

1793 AD

Sir Alexander Mackenzie

Reached the Pacific Ocean.

1812 AD

Lord Selkirk

Formed a settlement of Scot Immigrants, Manitoba.

1812 AD –

1814 AD

British-American War which ended in a draw.

1837 AD –

1839 AD

British Lord Durham

Political agitation.

1840 AD

Act of Union (Quebec and Ontario were united). They didn’t like to be under British or American control.

1848 AD

Canada got internal self-government.

1867 AD, July 1st

The Canadian

Dominion of Canada (a national holiday, Day of Canada). 4 provinces were united Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick.

By 1912 AD

All provinces had become part of the central government.

1931 AD

Canada

A voluntary member of Commonwealth.

1945 AD

Canada

A member of United Nation Organization.

1949 AD

Newfoundland became part of the central government.

1949 AD

Canada

A member of NATO.

1950s

A time of unprecedented wealth (the middle class mushroomed).

1960 AD

Canada’s first Bill of Rights was signed.

1995 AD

Canada won in the so-called fish wars with Spain.

2000 AD

Canada maintains its position in NATO and is one of the so-called G-7 countries. (The G-7 group of Germany, France, the USA, the UK, Japan, Italy and Canada meet regularly to develop major economic policies.)