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7) He left without . goodbye . a) to say b) saying c) say d) he says .
8) I`ve know him . we were at school . a) since b) when c) for d) as .
Ex. 80 Ask all kinds of questions to the sentences .
1) After breakfast he goes to the university . 2) She is giving a lecture now . 3)You have had a tape-reorder. 4)He has been learning English for 5 years. 5)She studied very hard .
6)They were taking notes at the lecture at this time yesterday.7)We had done the translation by the time he came.
8)He had been doing the homework for two hours when she came.9)We shall have the exam tomorrow.10)I hope , I`ll have finished it by next Sunday.1 1)Tomorrow at this time you will be looking for it .12)He will have been writting a letter for three hours when you come.
PastPerfectTenseПрошедшее завершенное время
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Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
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I He She had It We broken You They |
I he she it Had we broken? you they |
I He She It had not We (hadn’t) You broken. They |
Past Perfect выражает действие, которое совершилось раньше другого действия в прошлом или к определенному моменту в прошлом. Отсюда его название: "прошедшее законченное".
1. Момент прошедшего времени выражается обстоятельством времени с предлогом by, часто в сочетании с наречием already.
2. Момент прошедшего времени выражается другим прошедшим действием в Past Simple в придаточном предложении времени.
FuturePerfect Будущее завершенное время
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Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма | |
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I shall have finished He will have She finished It We shall have finished You will have They finished |
Shall I have finished? he Will she have it finished? Shall we have finished? Will you have they finished? |
I shall have not finished He will have She not It finished. We shall have not finished You will have They finished | |
Future Perfect Tense выражает действие, которое уже закончится ранее определенного момента будущего времени; переводится на русский язык будущим временем совершенного вида обычно в сочетании с такими наречиями, как already, before, after, предлогом by.
Past Perfect & Future Perfect
Ex. 81 Translate into Russian.Переведитенарусскийязык.1. We had already built this plant by the end of 1997. 2.I had already written my exercise by half past six. 3. At nine o'clock he had already left. 4 I had written my exercise before he came. 5. They had returned home long before I rang them up.
Ex. 82 Дополните предложения для обоснования использования глаголов в PastPerfectTense. Образец: We had lived here for six years. Then we moved to Bruges.
1.I had worked at this ministry for two years.
2. He had eaten his breakfast.
3. Tom had been a student for 5 years.
4. The dog had eaten the meat. 5
5. Nick had told the whole story.
6. Tom had done his lessons.
7. He had called the managers.
8. He had bought a new brief- case. 9. He had chopped the firewood. 10. He had got a job offer.
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SIMPLE простое |
PROGRESSIVE длительное | |
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Действие регулярное , обычное, постоянное, констатация факта. |
Действие, происходящее в данный момент, заплани- рованное действие.Процесс. | |
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PRESENT настоящее |
V,Vs(гл. в I ф. без частицы to) I write letters every day. He writes letters every day. Do, does (3л. ед.ч.) вспом.гл Do you write letters? He doesn’t write letters. Always(всегда), every day ( week, month ) , often [ofn] часто,usually обычно |
to be(am, is, are) + V-ing I am writing a letter now. He is writing a letter now. Are you writing a letter? They are not writing a letter now (сейчас). Now, at this moment , right now Спряжение глагола to be Ед. ч. 1 л. I am Мн. ч. We are 2 л. You are You are 3 л. He, she, it is They are |
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PAST прошедшее |
V-ed (regular verb), V2(II form of irregular verb (неправильный гл.) I wrote a letter yesterday. He asked last year(в пр. году). Did he write a letter? You didn’t ask that. Yesterday(вчера),last year(в прошлом году), a month ago(месяц назад). |
to be (was,were ) + V-ing I was writing a letter at that time. They were (мн.ч) writing a letter at 5 o’clock yesterday. Were (мн. ч.) you writing a letter at that time? He was not writing at that time. At that time, at 5 o’clock, all the time, while you were reading. |
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FUTURE будущее |
Shall(1л. ед. ч), will+V I shall write a letter tomorrow. He will write a letter next month. When will we write a letter? Will he write a letter? She will not write tomorrow. Tomorrow(завтра), next week(на след. неделе), in two years(через 2 года). |
Shall(will) be + Ving I shall be writing a letter at 7 o’clock in the evening. Will he be writing a letter when I come? He will not be writing a letter while he will be writing an article. At 7 o’clock tomorrow,when I come, while he’ll be doing it. |
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PERFECT завершенное |
PERFECT PROGRESSIVE завершено- длительное |
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Действие, завершенное к данному моменту. (связано с настоящим) |
Действие, длящееся в течение определенного периода времени. |
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to have (has- 3л. ед.ч.) +V-ed (regular verb- прав. гл.) +V3 (III form of irregular verb) I have already written a letter. He has just answered this letter Has she done this task? You haven’t written this task . Already(уже) ,yet(еще-отриц предл.), Just (только что) ,this week( на этой неделе), today( сегодня), never(никогда), ever(когда-либо), lately(недавно). |
to have(has)been + + V-ing I have been writing this letter for 2 hours. Since when has he been writing this letter? He hasn’t been writing this Letter for 5 hours. Since 5 o’clock (с 5 часов) , for 2 hours (a month, a day) |
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Had + V3(III form of irregular verb), + V-ed(regular verb) I had written a letter by that time. He had answered this questions by 5 o’clock. Had you written a letter by that time? She hadn’t written a letter by that time By that time( к тому времени), by 5 o’clock, Before he came. |
Had been + V-ing I had been studying English for an hour when you came. Had he been studying English since 2 o’clock when he came? For an hour, since 5 o’clock (when you came) |
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Shall(will) have+V3, +V-ed I shall have written the letter by 7 o’clock tomorrow. Will you have written this letter before I come? He will not have written this letter before I come. By 2 o’clock tomorrow, before you come. |
Shall(will)have been + Ving She will have been writing for two hours by the time he comes. Shall we have been studying English next year for 5 years? For 2 years, when I finish my work. |
