The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading USENET News, using the World-Wide-Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.

In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances, around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider, and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, some western architecture companies and garment centers already transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled – but inexpensive- Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.

However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers .However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being send over the Internet.

In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent over the Internet is transmitted without any form of encoding, i. e. “in the clear”. But when it becomes necessary to send the important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.

Answer the questions: 1) What is the Internet? 2) What was the Internet originally designed for? 3) What country are most of the Internet host computers in? 4) What is the most popular Internet service? 5) Whom do you have to pay for sending e-mail messages?

Clothing Design

The conception of the design is the initial phase in clothing construction. The first consideration in design must be the function of the garment. Is it to be for a formal occasion, everyday wear, for work or for play? Once the purpose of the garment has been established the specific design can be developed. The idea for the design may come from the style that was seen on the street, a garment viewed in a store window, a sketch in a clothing catalog, or from the imagination of the designer. Many interesting designs can be created by combining various standard sleeve and collar patterns with basic body styles.

Pattern Drafting

Pattern Drafting is the first step in the process of turning a design conception into a reality. There are three basic elements to work with during drafting: 1. the sketch which shows the desired design, 2. the material which must be used, 3. the measurements of the person who will wear the clothes. Ready - to - wear designers will use the manufacturer's basic patterns which have been developed to fit as many people as possible.

Dressmaking

Most of our clothes, of course are produced in factories. They are made in a variety of standard sizes, so that they can fit people of any size and shape. These clothes are called ready - to wear clothes. But to get a perfect fit , you must go to a dressmaker. She takes your exact measurements and makes clothes specially for you. This process is called dressmaking. The dressmaker buys some dress material and a paper pattern of a design she likes. Then she makes the cutting. Then she sews the dress together on a sewing machine. She has to finish the seems, sew on pockets and buttons, make button holes and put in zippers.

Fashion

Fashion is an art and an industry. It has long played a secondary role in the history of applied arts, but the development of the fashion industry in the post-war period was connected with changing life-styles and tastes. The immediate post-war period was a difficult time for fashion: there was no atmosphere and there were shortages in everything, including materials. In the fifties the situation improved. A new trend appeared in fashion - the fashion of the young. Young people wanted inexpensive, ready-made clothes, sometimes even vulgar and shocking.

The sixties were famous for "fashion revolution". It was a decade of extremes. Youth demanded an end to rules in fashion, their idea was classless, casual style.

Put in the necessary word.

1) Most of our clothes are produced in …. . a)clothing industry b) factories c) dressmaking

2) They are called …. clothes. a) cutting b) factory c) ready-to-wear

3) The dressmaker makes clothes specially for you. The dressmaker buys some material and makes a … . a) design b) pattern c) shape

1. Find the synonyms.

1) clothes a) sewing industry

2) fit b) to be the right size

3) clothing industry c) mill

4) factory d) work out

5) develop e) manufacture

6) produce f) apply

7) use g) cloth, fabric

8) material h) garment, dress

2. Установите, в какой последовательности выполняет операции портниха.

- She finishes the seams

- She sews the dress together on a sewing machine

- She makes the cutting

- She buys a pattern of a design

- She buys some dress material

- The dressmaker takes your exact measurements.

I Thanks Благодарность

Thank you (very much). Большое спасибо Thanks. Спасибо

Thank you for doing it. Спасибо за то, что вы это сделали. Thank you for coming. Спасибо за то, что вы пришли Thank you for telling me about it. Спасибо за то, что вы сказали мне об этом. Thank you for the trouble you've taken. Спасибо за беспокойство, которое вы взяли на себя.

Thank you for a wonderful evening. Спасибо за чудесный вечер

Thank you in advance Заранее благодарен вам.

It was very kind of you to do it С вашей стороны было очень любезно сделать это.

I am very much obliged. Я вам очень признателен

I am very grateful to you. Я вам очень благодарен You' ve done me a great favour Вы мне сделали большое одолжение

Replies Ответы

You' re welcome. Пожалуйста (к вашим услугам). Don't mention it. Not at all. Не стоит благодарности.